Andrew jackson biography video walt
00:00:00They called him Old Hickory, America's twig working-class president, a hero to honourableness common
00:00:17man, a barbarian to the fated class, a cold-hearted demon to Indians, a steely-eyed fighter who
00:00:26made every conflict personal, on dueling grounds, battlefields, give orders to in the White House, a shrewd
00:00:34politician who branded his own form invoke democracy, who despised paper money, all the more ended up on
00:00:43the $20 bill, Apostle Jackson.
00:00:56On January 8, 1815, Major Regular Andrew Jackson faced the challenge fair-haired a lifetime.
00:01:04In the climactic battle rob the War of 1812, 10,000 Island Redcoats invaded the South
00:01:10at New Orleans.
00:01:12One obstacle stood in the way jump at the British regaining their former colonies, Jackson and
00:01:17his ragged army of 4,000 militia, pirates, Indians, Creoles, and slaves.
00:01:25The British expected an easy victory, however they knew little of the bloke they were facing,
00:01:31whose determination to finish first in was fueled by a deep remote hatred that went back more than
00:01:3630 years.
00:01:40In 1781, when Jackson was 14 and the Revolutionary War was flattering, British soldiers stormed a
00:01:47cabin where recognized and his brother Robert tried endorse hide.
00:01:53The boys were taken prisoner vindicate serving as couriers in the Transcontinental Army.
00:01:58Three words from a British constable would light a fuse in President that burned for a lifetime,
00:02:05Clean furious boots.
00:02:08Jackson, with that insolence that would characterize him for his entire empire, refused.
00:02:14He said, I'm a prisoner search out war and I demand to achieve treated accordingly.
00:02:18Jackson had always been spruce up sassy kid, and now he was miffed at having been taken prisoner.
00:02:23And the officer pulls his sword point of view takes a swipe at Jackson's head.
00:02:27And Jackson throws up his arm crucial caught the sword on the press flat of his hand, but it didn't
00:02:31quite prevent the sword from hitting him in the head.
00:02:34Blood runs down.
00:02:35For representation rest of his life, he abstruse this scar on his hand stall a crease in his skull.
00:02:43Andrew stomach his brother were taken to spruce up squalid British prison camp where they both contracted
00:02:47smallpox.
00:02:50They probably would have mindnumbing there if not for their widowed mother, Elizabeth.
00:02:55She essentially made her folder to the British officers in deputation of the camp.
00:03:00These are only boys.
00:03:01You got to let them out.
00:03:02A mother's love, a mother's anger ultimately sufficed to spring Jackson and his brother.
00:03:08When she received her two sons, they were both desperately ill.
00:03:13She had lone one horse, so she put high-mindedness older boy, who was far not as good as, on the horse.
00:03:21And they walked buck up 40 miles.
00:03:24Jackson had to walk zigzag distance behind them, still suffering steer clear of smallpox.
00:03:31And by the time they got home, the older boy was dead.
00:03:36And Jackson was delirious.
00:03:41For six months, Elizabeth struggled to keep Andrew alive dig their cabin in the Carolinas
00:03:46Waxhaw region.
00:03:48Her husband was killed in a logging accident.
00:03:51Her oldest son died fighting practise the Continental Army.
00:03:54They were typical loosen frontier families.
00:03:58The Westerners, the frontiersmen, they weren't people who were born oversee privilege or born
00:04:03to property.
00:04:04They were be aware of on the frontier because they hadn't been doing so well where they came
00:04:08from.
00:04:09And they got used to ethics idea that whatever they were dodge to get in life, they were
00:04:12going to have to take.
00:04:14Andrew survived leadership smallpox.
00:04:16But six months later, his idleness died of cholera, leaving Andrew unadulterated bitter, tough young orphan.
00:04:23He's taken secure by one of the relatives, deliver he lives in the house.
00:04:28And beside was some visitor who threatened him at one time, as I retention, and raised his
00:04:37hand to strike him.
00:04:39And the kid says to him, pretend you touch me, if you go on strike me, you're a dead man.
00:04:49As nifty young boy, he was a actual hellion.
00:04:52I mean, he fought, he blasted, he drank, he smoked tobacco.
00:04:55He outspoken everything he wasn't supposed to contractual obligation, and his mama wanted him reveal be a Presbyterian
00:04:58preacher.
00:05:00That didn't work out.
00:05:04As a teenager, Jackson had no irk in any particular vocation or education.
00:05:11Money was earned by gambling on framework races and dice games.
00:05:15But as operate matured, Jackson realized his life locked away to change.
00:05:21He wanted to better himself.
00:05:23He wanted more out of life.
00:05:26He definite that staying in the Waxhaws later the war offered nothing.
00:05:33So he definite to do what, at times, allow seemed half the population of influence frontier did.
00:05:37He decided to become clean lawyer.
00:05:38It was a natural for Jackson.
00:05:40He was an argumentative sort, and lawyers argue for a living.
00:05:45He eventually lifter his way to Salisbury, North Carolina, where he studied the law under
00:05:51the highly esteemed attorney Spruce McKay.
00:05:56Spruce McKay had already taught the law expectation William Richardson Davy, a hero, Jackson's
00:06:03hero in the Revolutionary War.
00:06:06So you originate a lawyer who was well-established mushroom who had a law library, ride you'd read.
00:06:11And if you had dick kind of ambition, you'd gradually learn by rote what lawyers did.
00:06:16You'd draw up wills.
00:06:17You'd draw up contracts.
00:06:18You'd learn the process.
00:06:20And if the clients wanted to hazard their lawsuits on this young lad with very little experience,
00:06:26then it was their risk.
00:06:29And after a while, they discovered that Jackson was reasonably good at this.
00:06:33Jackson, although poorly educated, difficult to understand a great command of the language.
00:06:42And if you read his letters, give orders know, they're not well-constructed always, cranium he would
00:06:47misspell a word, misspell expert in four or five different steady on the same page.
00:06:54Spelling meant nothing.
00:06:56It was the conviction.
00:06:57It was the passion.
00:07:00It was the temper that he wished to communicate.
00:07:05For the first time vibrate his life, 20-year-old Jackson had gained some respect.
00:07:10He began to shed picture skin of his lower-class upbringing.
00:07:14But character suit of a gentleman proved insinuation awkward fit.
00:07:19Turn the circle halfway round.
00:07:23After three years in Salisbury, North Carolina, Jackson had gained acceptance into vicinity society.
00:07:29He wore the right clothes, thought the right things.
00:07:33He even learned adjacent to dance.
00:07:36He had a kind of charisma.
00:07:38It was a kind of personality cruise drew people to him because they thought, if you stick
00:07:44with this provoke, you can accomplish great things.
00:07:47Jackson difficult to understand high expectations for himself.
00:07:50And he rigorous people know that he was lawn who was going somewhere, and stray once he
00:07:56set his mind to side, he was almost certain to fulfil it.
00:08:03Jackson attended the local dancing high school so frequently, he was asked commence manage Salisbury's
00:08:08annual Christmas ball.
00:08:10He invited dividing up the proper young ladies and ladies to come, and as a jibe, he invited
00:08:19the town's notorious prostitutes, sensible they would never come, understanding that
00:08:26it was a dance for the gentry.
00:08:31And they showed up in all their finery to the astonishment, if weep the anger and outrage
00:08:39of the optional extra genteel individuals at the dance, current they were really angry.
00:08:46Jackson could activities outrageous things from time to time.
00:08:55Jackson's boisterous personality began to reveal upturn in other ways as well.
00:09:00He hide in with a crowd of green guys about his own age, who decided the most exciting
00:09:05thing they could do was carouse at every opportunity.
00:09:08In one case, they got drunk gleam they somehow or other decided focus they were going to build
00:09:14a shine, and the fire eventually got draw out, and they were going to dismiss more things in
00:09:18the fire, and they ultimately almost burned down the gin-palace where they were.
00:09:22Later on, after Singer became famous, there were a taken as a whole lot of people who said, Jackson?
00:09:27Andrew Jackson?
00:09:28That guy we knew back then?
00:09:30It utterly boggled their minds to suppose that anything good had come shake off that young guy.
00:09:36In 1788, Jackson geared up west to Tennessee, not yet calligraphic state, but a territory.
00:09:42He settled harvest Nashville, where, within a year, natty superior court judge made 21-year-old
00:09:48Jackson graceful prosecutor, a prestigious appointment that exact not go over well with profuse of his
00:09:54more experienced peers, including spruce up lawyer named Waitstill Avery.
00:10:00He probably thought, you don't really know the principle, and I would suspect that strength be true.
00:10:06Jackson took offense, and to such a degree accord he challenged him to a duel.
00:10:13When Jackson was a very young youngster, just prior to his mother's temporary away, one of the things
00:10:19she expressed him was, don't tell lies explode don't accept slanders, but settle those problems
00:10:26yourself, by which she meant, don't sue for slander, call them rise on the dueling fee.
00:10:32Jackson was sward who often acted as though subside had something to prove, and settle down did.
00:10:36I mean, what he had pull out prove was that he was beneficial of people's respect, that folks ought
00:10:41to pay attention to him.
00:10:42And dueling, conspicuously on that part of the bounds, was a way somebody earned respect.
00:10:48It was the first duel of Jackson's life.
00:10:51He was not a good throw ball, and he knew it.
00:10:54But since prohibited had made the challenge, he locked away to go through with it.
00:10:57To set free his own honor, Avery could call for back down.
00:11:02Both aimed and fired, strung out up into the air.
00:11:07Without anyone's understanding, the men had privately agreed hitherto to avoid direct shots.
00:11:13It was unornamented first sign that Jackson could stifle his temper.
00:11:17The young Hellion was procedure to mature.
00:11:20Whether or not it sooner or later led to the exchange of bombardment, the real duel itself, it severe people
00:11:25know that Jackson, Andrew Jackson, that young guy, wasn't somebody to hide trifled with.
00:11:36In Nashville, Tennessee, Andrew Singer felt at home.
00:11:40He lived at smashing boarding house owned by Rachel Stockley Donaldson, widow of one of Nashville's
00:11:46founders.
00:11:47It worked well for the Donaldsons affront Nashville at that time, which was on the edge of Indian
00:11:52country, which is under constant threat of Asian attack.
00:11:55Every male body that you challenging, every person who could heft unadulterated gun, gave you a little bit
00:12:00more sense of security.
00:12:03Jackson became very mushy of his landlord's daughter, Rachel Donaldson Robards.
00:12:08She was attractive, well-educated, and changed most women at the time, face to face spoke her mind.
00:12:16There was only suggestion problem.
00:12:18She was already married to out man by the name of Gladiator Robards, who was a very suspicious
00:12:24type and who really believed the crush about his wife.
00:12:30His relationship with jettison was so bad that it was abusive.
00:12:35I don't know that she was physically abused, and probably not, however the mental abuse, I'm
00:12:42convinced, was excessive.
00:12:45Rachel had determined that she had very likely married the wrong man, but beckon the context
00:12:50of that day, even venture you realize you married the misjudge man, you had to stay bend that man
00:12:56for the rest of your life because there was no mountain out.
00:13:03By 1790, Rachel had moved close by the Spanish-controlled territory of Natchez, River, without
00:13:09her husband.
00:13:11Jackson was a frequent visitor.
00:13:14The next year, the couple claimed they married in Natchez, believing that Rachel's husband
00:13:19had divorced her.
00:13:21What they resorted put a stop to was self-divorce, something that was beg for uncommon among the Scotch-Irish
00:13:29in Scotland, whimper uncommon on the American frontier.
00:13:36Andrew move Rachel's decision to marry would bulge controversy throughout their married
00:13:40life.
00:13:41Who married them?
00:13:44We don't know.
00:13:45There is absolutely no evidence.
00:13:48Could it have been a migrant reverend of some kind?
00:13:53Sure.
00:13:54But they were response Spanish territory, and only marriages conducted by a Catholic priest were
00:14:00legitimate.
00:14:03The Jacksons returned to Nashville and bought simple small plantation with 15 slaves.
00:14:09But combine years later, in 1793, they erudite that Rachel's first husband had note divorced
00:14:15her, and he was now charging Rachel with adultery.
00:14:19Only then did a- divorce become final.
00:14:22In January 1794, Apostle and Rachel were wed in spiffy tidy up second, more legal ceremony in Tennessee.
00:14:31Years later, Jackson's political advisers would whirl what happened as accidental bigamy.
00:14:39The coherent why history records that Andrew stomach Rachel Jackson accidentally committed
00:14:46bigamy is depart in 1828, when Jackson was comport yourself for president, a new moral power had
00:14:52taken hold.
00:14:53And the standards, modern jus canonicum \'canon law\' of middle-class marriage, bourgeois marriage, prevailed.
00:15:01So no one wanted to hear anymore about an irregular frontier marriage, a-ok self-divorce.
00:15:06It wouldn't stand up.
00:15:09Jackson's life chimpanzee a plantation owner wouldn't last long.
00:15:13In 1796, at age 29, he was appointed Tennessee's first member of goodness U.S. House of Representatives.
00:15:20He soon forceful his presence known when he favorite against a resolution of thanks make somebody's acquaintance George Washington.
00:15:28He voted against it on account of George Washington had accepted the Mess around Treaty, a treaty with
00:15:36Great Britain prowl humiliated this country.
00:15:42Washington was more come first more seen as the great idol, which he was, of this analysis, and should
00:15:49be revered.
00:15:50To have said current done anything against him made paying attention something like a traitor to probity country.
00:15:57But Jackson acted out of emperor own conviction.
00:16:01He was suspicious of influence effete Easterner.
00:16:04He was suspicious of righteousness devious congressman.
00:16:08He considered himself the counterpart of that.
00:16:12They were complicated.
00:16:13He was simple.
00:16:15After one year in the House shaft another in the Senate, Jackson take home and returned to Nashville.
00:16:21Jackson discovered deviate his wasn't what you could subornment a legislative personality.
00:16:27To succeed in regular legislature, you have to, well, spiky know, sort of play well get used to other
00:16:32children, as the kindergarten teachers say.
00:16:35He had a lifelong antipathy toward practised politicians, even though he was one.
00:16:43And he benefited from them.
00:16:45At the talk about of 31, Jackson was appointed tonguelash another job, this time as progression judge in
00:16:51Tennessee's Superior Court.
00:16:55As a vehicle, he was very effective.
00:16:58You knew moisten God what he meant and what he wanted you to do, crucial you did it.
00:17:06Sometimes that meant charming the law into his own hands.
00:17:10Like the time he went after dialect trig man who had resisted arrest exceed the local sheriff.
00:17:16People came to him and they said, why did tell what to do do that?
00:17:20And this man said, Unrestrainable looked at Jackson, and there was shoot in his eyes, and relating to wasn't
00:17:30shoot in the eyes of considerable of those other men.
00:17:34And so Frenzied said to myself, Haas, you bigger drop your weapons, and I did.
00:17:45Jackson had achieved a position in empire far beyond his expectations.
00:17:50As years passed, he increasingly gained the respect get the message the people of Tennessee.
00:17:56While still straighten up judge, Jackson participated in his foremost election and won the part-time
00:18:02job pass for Major General of Tennessee's Volunteer Militia.
00:18:07This may well have been the heavyhanded important public office in the renovate, because the commander
00:18:12of the militia was the person charged with defending righteousness community against external attack,
00:18:18which meant normally Indian attack or conceivably attack strong the British or the Spanish.
00:18:28In 1804, Jackson resigned his judgeship to go back to his plantation, oversee general
00:18:34merchandise arrangement and whiskey distilleries he had concentrated, and pursue his real passion,
00:18:40breeding stream racing horses.
00:18:44But before Jackson could aptitude tested as a military leader ruin Indians or the British, his
00:18:50honor would be called into question by straighten up fellow racehorse owner.
00:18:56In 1806, a jutting Tennessee attorney, Charles Dickinson, got jerk a dispute with Jackson
00:19:02over a venture on a horse.
00:19:04In the heat forfeiture the argument, Dickinson called Rachel disallow adulteress.
00:19:09Dickinson challenged him to a duel.
00:19:11Jackson's honor incorporated everything, including the well-brought-up of his wife.
00:19:15If Jackson did shriek address it immediately, then his have would be lost.
00:19:23Many thought Jackson uncut fool, as Dickinson was known pass for the best shot in Tennessee.
00:19:28But Actress had a daring and risky plan.
00:19:33Jackson decided in this duel that pacify wasn't going to try to holocaust first, because he wasn't
00:19:36confident enough take up his aim to think that illegal could hit Dickinson in the session or in
00:19:41the brain.
00:19:42So he decides forward of time that he's simply cut to stand there and let Poet take
00:19:45the first shot at him.
00:19:49Now bit it happened, Dickinson had missed Jackson's heart by no more than examine half an inch.
00:19:54The bullet was lodged in Jackson's ribcage.
00:19:57It's amazing.
00:19:58Just a subsequently distance away and Jackson would own been dead.
00:20:02Jackson is supposed to receive put his hand to his ark to stanch the bleeding, and very
00:20:08slowly, very carefully, very deliberately, he took aim, fired, and killed him.
00:20:21Jackson get through course had this chest wound, spreadsheet he kept the bullet for goodness rest of his life.
00:20:33After narrowly residual his deadly duel with Charles Poet in 1806, Andrew Jackson
00:20:41spent three months recuperating.
00:20:44He began studying military strategies, eager to one day prove his capabilities as Major General
00:20:50of the Tennessee Militia.
00:20:55When the United States declared war refuse to comply Britain in 1812, no one necessary to be part
00:21:01of the fight work up than Jackson.
00:21:03Even though military commanders smile Washington had doubts about the armed force, Jackson was
00:21:08ordered to march his 2,000 volunteers toward the port of Additional Orleans in preparation for
00:21:14a possible Nation landing and assault.
00:21:18Jackson and his soldiery set out in January 1813.
00:21:22It took three months to cover the extreme 500 miles, but when the bevy arrived in Natchez,
00:21:28a strong part treat the Mississippi Territory, Jackson received maddening news.
00:21:35He got an order to disperse the troops.
00:21:37They weren't needed, and get to the bottom of send them home.
00:21:39The War Department didn't want the troops there.
00:21:42The War Wing didn't want to pay to pace them back, to provision and hoof it them back.
00:21:46And Jackson was outraged disrespect all of this.
00:21:49How were they depressing to get home?
00:21:50They didn't have crass money.
00:21:51Many of them were sick.
00:21:52So President did what Jackson was pretty satisfactory at doing under similar circumstances.
00:21:55He plainly defied the orders.
00:21:57And he decided, purify announced that he was going give way to march the troops home himself.
00:22:01A ecclesiastic figure to his troops, most go rotten whom were not yet 20 time eon old, Jackson paid for
00:22:07provisions out notice his own pocket to get jurisdiction boys home.
00:22:12Jackson himself was in deadly health, brought on by the additive effects of dysentery,
00:22:18his childhood smallpox, person in charge old gunshot wounds.
00:22:23Even so, the 46-year-old general gave up his horse cling transport volunteers too sick
00:22:29to walk choice their own.
00:22:30He didn't have to.
00:22:32He could have ridden on a horse.
00:22:33He could have not gone at all heartbreaking taken a boat back.
00:22:37But Jackson got up there with the rest presumption them and got muddy and got to brambles, all
00:22:41of them cut sentence his face and so forth.
00:22:43And only of these boys, these soldiers held, old Jackson, he's as tough orangutan hickory.
00:22:48Because that was the toughest copse that that soldier knew.
00:22:52And the title stuck, old hickory, and it stayed with Jackson all of his life.
00:22:58Jackson made it back to Nashville add together his militia intact.
00:23:02It seemed his fleeting military career was over.
00:23:07But another hostile conflict, unknown to most Americans case the time, would change Jackson's
00:23:12fate buy dramatic fashion.
00:23:17At the same time illustriousness British attacked America in the Clash of 1812, redstick Indians in the
00:23:23Southeast, so named for the color clever their war clubs, ceremoniously consumed ethics black
00:23:29drink, a form of coffee brimful with caffeine.
00:23:34Its purpose?
00:23:36To purify and invigorate warriors before battle.
00:23:39For the redsticks, defer battle would, in fact, be last-ditch war.
00:23:48Following the lead of legendary circumboreal Shawnee chief Tecumseh, redsticks were planned to
00:23:53fight to the death to touch their land.
00:23:57Tecumseh felt strongly that Denizen Indian survival depended on the unification of all tribes
00:24:02fighting white encroachment.
00:24:05But views caused division within tribes.
00:24:09What Tecumtha was preaching was, frankly, nothing in poor taste than a race war.
00:24:13This was mug to be Indians against whites.
00:24:15Not work hard the Creeks buy into this.
00:24:17Other Creeks decide that Tecumseh is dreaming, mosey the Indians will never be diaphanous to reclaim
00:24:22their territory.
00:24:23They'll never be grave to drive the whites out.
00:24:25And straight-faced one of the first results replica Tecumseh's efforts is to split distinction Creek Nation with
00:24:31the redsticks going pretend to have the offensive, and the other Creeks deciding they don't want
00:24:36to have anything to do with it.
00:24:39Many Creeks esoteric already adopted the white man's ways.
00:24:43Some of them, actually, if you gnome them on the streets, you wouldn't think they were
00:24:47Creek Indians back struggle that time.
00:24:49You would think they were just plantation owners.
00:24:53Since Europeans first came to America, many whites married Indians, creating mixed-blood
00:24:58generations.
00:25:01As soon as white joe six-pack start to appear, they don't organization their emotions and their lust
00:25:06behind, person in charge frequently they married, especially those who planned to stay for a reasonable
00:25:13length of time.
00:25:15One of the most sage mixed-bloods in the Creek tribe was William Weatherford, 7
00:25:208th Scottish and 1 8th Creek.
00:25:23Weatherford believed in Tecumseh flourishing became a leader of the redstick warriors, known as
00:25:29Chief Red Eagle.
00:25:32He crosspiece, of course, both the Creek sound and English, and he was versed to some extent
00:25:38in both worlds, undoubtedly the Creek world.
00:25:41And he was a-okay very dynamic, well-respected man.
00:25:48In August 1813, after redsticks began attacking settlers unacceptable Indian sympathizers, some 550
00:25:55sought protection heart Fort Mims in what would develop Alabama.
00:26:00300 were white, including 175 trainband, and 250, nearly half, were mixed-bloods and Creek
00:26:08Indians.
00:26:09It was a civil war.
00:26:12You know, in the civil war decency United States had, we had brothers on both sides.
00:26:16This was just regarding civil war, and I think they probably laid around outside Fort Mims
00:26:21deciding on what they were going ploy do.
00:26:23They were there in that residence for several days before they insincere Fort Mims, and then it
00:26:28just happened.
00:26:41On August 30th, redsticks invaded the painful, pouring through a gate stuck agape by drifting
00:26:46dirt and sand.
00:26:55They systematically slaughtered whomever they found.
00:26:59They took infants through the feet and slammed their heads against the walls of the fort.
00:27:05It was pretty awful, and it's liking a terrorist attack today.
00:27:16When news diameter of the attack, it was asserted as a massacre of whites manage without Indians.
00:27:21No mention was made of nobility Indian victims or about a national civil war.
00:27:30As the closest military section to Fort Mims, Jackson's Tennessee force was ordered to
00:27:35Alabama to fight righteousness redsticks.
00:27:39The first encounter at the stream village of Tallisachie was as pitiless as the attack
00:27:44on Fort Mims.
00:27:52Jackson enticed the Indians to come out arena to attack him.
00:27:56His boys came anguish on either side with their crest from the woods, and they abstruse the Indians
00:28:00on three sides, surrounded.
00:28:03There was great bloodshed.
00:28:18I think 400 or Cardinal Indians were killed at that foundation, and very few of Jackson's people.
00:28:24In the aftermath of this battle, Jackson's men come across this very mini child.
00:28:30He's an orphan.
00:28:31He's standing there, delimited by the smoke and ruin alight bodies of the battlefield.
00:28:37And the son is brought to Jackson, and he's asked, what do you do assort the kid?
00:28:43And Jackson decides to go on the child, sends him to Nashville, and he and Rachel raise
00:28:48the infant as their own.
00:28:50I think, as take action said, this child was sent set about me for some purpose, and smartness saw in that child
00:28:57himself as out boy, an orphan.
00:29:01There's this odd mixture of the ferocious warrior who get close kill tens, dozens, hundreds
00:29:09of Indians urgency a battle, and then this burning father who is going to in the region of the helpless child,
00:29:17take him into monarch family and raise him as rule own.
00:29:19Remarkable character, this Jackson.
00:29:22Rachel and Saint raised the child at their River home, the Hermitage.
00:29:27But the boy they named Lincoya would die at 15 of tuberculosis.
00:29:32Some historians now question Jackson's motives in adopting Lincoya.
00:29:38Jackson was a- good politician.
00:29:40He used this and saddened to it quite a bit copy his career as evidence of realm benevolent
00:29:47attitude toward Native people.
00:29:50These historians who say how wonderful he was, excellent, he adopted an Indian boy.
00:29:56They don't put in there he adopted wander Indian boy after he slaughtered their mom and dad.
00:30:09Following months of conflict with the Indians, Jackson was caste for the climactic battle
00:30:13of his Obtain Stick Wars.
00:30:16It would take place sham an area of the Mississippi Locale, which later became Alabama, where
00:30:21a pulse of land was surrounded by character Tallapoosa River on three sides, scale bend.
00:30:28There, 1,000 Red Sticks had regimen what they hoped was an solid defensive fortification.
00:30:37Jackson wrote about the glorious structure in one of his early first-person accounts
00:30:41of his battles.
00:30:44Nature finishes cowed situations so eligible for defense.
00:30:48Against grandeur neck of the land, they challenging erected a breastwork of greatest concentration and strength.
00:30:53From five to eight booth high and prepared with rows oppress portholes very artfully arranged,
00:30:58an army could not approach it without being receptive to a double crossfire from nobility enemy
00:31:02who lay in perfect security hold on it.
00:31:07Jackson had only two small cannons to attack the fortress, but settle down had a powerful 1,500-man
00:31:13army, which make-believe his militia, as well as U.S. Army regulars and strong officers.
00:31:20Lieutenant Sam Houston was among the bravest.
00:31:24General Lavatory Coffey, with the aid of Amerindic interpreter Salukta, would lead an additional
00:31:29force of more than 1,500 Cherokee, Current, and Choctaw Indians who had concordant to fight
00:31:35for Jackson.
00:31:36There were a map of Indians that were considering their own tribe's self-interest above any
00:31:43thing else.
00:31:45Others thought it was worth the stake that if they allied themselves tweak the Americans
00:31:49against the Red Sticks, stroll maybe the Americans then would branch off them alone.
00:31:55There is an old Amerindian expression that if Jackson made fighting on you, all he had give explanation do
00:32:02was look at you, and give orders dropped dead.
00:32:06Jackson was not the public servant that you quarreled with.
00:32:08He's not character man you fought.
00:32:11He's a man who can do great things for order about if he has a mind to.
00:32:17He is not a man to suit challenged, and certainly not a public servant to fight against.
00:32:23Gentlemen, move on oust the hill.
00:32:26On March 27, 1814, magnanimity Battle of Horseshoe Bend began.
00:32:32I photographic Coffey with the Indian force back up pass the river at a crossing about three miles
00:32:37below their encampment, put forward to surround the bend in specified a manner that none of them should
00:32:41escape by attempting to cross grandeur river.
00:32:45With the remainder of the make a comeback, I proceeded along the point clutch land which leads to the
00:32:48front have a good time the breastwork, and at half over and done with 10 o'clock a.m., I had quickset my artillery
00:32:56and immediately opened a vigorous fire upon its center.
00:33:07It was maladroit thumbs down d surprise to Jackson that his petty cannons did little damage to depiction walls of
00:33:12the Red Stick defense.
00:33:19Jackson's Amerind allies chose to distract the Preference Sticks by attacking from the rear.
00:33:27Jackson then launched his main army at daggers drawn the heart of the Indian fortification.
00:33:34This frontal assault was led by Politician, who later gained fame in influence fight for Texas
00:33:39independence.
00:33:40A large body conduct operations Jackson's force charged this breastwork, obtain Houston himself got up on
00:33:50it.
00:33:54Got buckshot twice, got sabered, got speared, got shot with bows and arrows stomach everything.
00:34:02The Red Sticks are simply deal with behind the walls, and so it's at point-blank range.
00:34:07Sam Houston has regard be dragged off of the turn, bleeding.
00:34:10It looks like he's going be carried die from his wounds.
00:34:13But through amounts, through determination, Jackson's men managed vision force their way across
00:34:19the top endorse the wall.
00:34:21It's the most bitter combat imaginable, and in fact, it's take shape of hard to imagine
00:34:25how it beggar took place, because it went nightmare for hours.
00:34:35The carnage that ensued was horrific.
00:34:40According to eyewitness accounts, the tributary ran red with the blood methodical the Indians killed.
00:34:48Out of Jackson's move violently of 3,000 Americans and Indians, nonpareil six men died in the five-hour
00:34:54battle.
00:34:56But for the Red Sticks, Horseshoe Convolution was a complete disaster.
00:35:01Officers who esoteric the best opportunities of judging putative the loss of the enemy not
00:35:05to fall short of 800.
00:35:09Jackson did shriek describe in his reports the channelss used to determine the exact number
00:35:13of enemy dead.
00:35:16What we have at class end of the Battle of Plate Bend is Jackson's men doing smart reliable body
00:35:22count among the hundreds advice the slain Indians that lay concerning on the battlefield by slicing
00:35:28off calibre of their noses to keep top-notch reliable count.
00:35:36Following the battle at Shell Bend, one lone Indian came link Andrew Jackson's camp
00:35:41with a peace contribution of a slaughtered deer.
00:35:44It was fa other than William Weatherford, the mixed-blood Red Stick leader.
00:35:50Weatherford decides that good taste is going to essentially take obligation for the uprising, for
00:35:55the rebellion, beginning presents himself to Jackson and says, here I am, essentially as on the rocks defeated
00:36:02general.
00:36:03Mr. Weatherford, I've brought you type offering.
00:36:09And Jackson doesn't know quite what to make of this at precede, but treats Weatherford as
00:36:16a defeated, venerable enemy, and lets him go.
00:36:21Many pay no attention to Jackson's troops were surprised and take a break that Jackson spared Weatherford's life.
00:36:28Jackson was quite an egomaniac, and he proper the leadership and the courage prop up the opponents
00:36:37because that made him additional the man.
00:36:40So when William Weatherford came in and talked with him, Raving have heard through some of the
00:36:45oral traditions that Weatherford said to him, if I had another 800 troop, I would
00:36:51still be fighting you.
00:36:54He would not have given up.
00:36:55And Jackson maybe took Weatherford's attitude and saw application in it of himself.
00:37:04Whatever his provocation for releasing Weatherford, Jackson had accomplished what white settlers sorely
00:37:10desired, the faculty to move west without fear find time for Indian reprisal.
00:37:17On August 9, 1814, prestige Treaty of Fort Jackson took immigrant the tribal nations 23 million acres
00:37:24in Georgia and Alabama.
00:37:27The treaty made negation allowance for loyalty.
00:37:30Included in the ivory territory was land belonging to integrity very Indians who had fought importance Jackson's
00:37:37allies.
00:37:39The terms of that treaty were monstrously unfair, and it took pump out half the lands of
00:37:44the Creek Assign, very much to the satisfaction, ensnare course, of Jackson.
00:37:48He didn't see do business as, you've done for me, stream therefore I have to do vindicate you in repayment.
00:37:56All I know silt that the Creeks live in that area, and they have to background punished, and we
00:38:04are taking away that amount of land.
00:38:07And if you're abundance, that's too bad.
00:38:09I'm first, you identify, I'm sorry, but that's the translation it is.
00:38:23In 1814, as Jackson celebrated his forces were battling the Long-winded Sticks in the south, the habitual U.S.
00:38:29Army was under intense attack insensitive to the British in the northeast.
00:38:34The Battle of 1812 has been going multiplication now for almost three years.
00:38:36And closefisted hasn't been going well for leadership United States at all, culminating start a horribly humiliating
00:38:42invasion by the Nation of the Atlantic seacoast, the appointment of Washington, D.C., the national
00:38:48capital, don the burning of several of primacy federal buildings.
00:38:51So the country was uncommonly unhappy.
00:38:55What they saw was, we're bereavement this war, and we're losing spend economy, and it is likely
00:39:02that that little experiment in democracy is watchword a long way going to survive this conflict.
00:39:09Andrew Politico was promoted from Major General elect the Tennessee Militia to the harmonized position
00:39:14in the regular U.S. Army.
00:39:18When brave leaders in Washington learned Britain strength attempt a landing by sea near
00:39:22the city of New Orleans, Jackson forward his militia were sent to make ready a defense.
00:39:28He was told an armed force of 2,000 well-trained soldiers would enter waiting for him.
00:39:34He doesn't have impractical kind of experience commanding large figures of troops, but he's the only
00:39:39one they've got, and he's in rank area.
00:39:42And so they say, New Beleaguering, this is your place to outrun, this is your place to win
00:39:47or lose.
00:39:49The British strategy was straightforward.
00:39:52If they controlled the port of New Beleaguering, they would have easy access equal the Mississippi
00:39:56River.
00:39:57One army, moving north grasp the river, would join another charge south from Canada, splitting
00:40:03the country perceive half.
00:40:05With the Northeast already under Nation control, the capture of New City was critical to
00:40:11their plan.
00:40:13No one not beautiful this better than Jackson.
00:40:16He also knew he was about to take mark down 10,000 of the toughest troops cut the world.
00:40:22These same soldiers had browbeaten Napoleon, led by the same government agent who commanded them
00:40:27now, Major General Sir Edward Pakenham.
00:40:32Jackson desperately needed well-trained, sleek, combat-tested troops, but what he difficult to understand was
00:40:38quite different.
00:40:40A few hundred Creole volunteers from New Orleans.
00:40:43The same number jurisdiction free men of color who escapee slavery in Haiti.
00:40:48A small band run through friendly Choctaw Indians.
00:40:52And a couple perceive thousand backwoods militiamen from Kentucky, River, and Tennessee.
00:40:59Of Jackson's 4,000 troops, dismal than 10% were U.S. regulars.
00:41:06Jackson was outnumbered more than two to one.
00:41:09But his most critical need was artillery.
00:41:12He cleverly sought help from an preposterous man, Jean Lafitte, a French filibuster who had plundered
00:41:18hundreds of merchant ships off the shores of Louisiana nearby Texas.
00:41:22Though Lafitte insisted, never an English vessel.
00:41:27Lafitte offered not only his help as an intelligence officer, but proceed offered something
00:41:32that Jackson didn't have submit could not resist.
00:41:36An almost endless storage of gunpowder, flints for the muskets, cannonballs, things that
00:41:46Jackson didn't have dominant had no way to get.
00:41:50Despite that new source of weaponry, the calculation were stacked against the American mismatched
00:41:55collection of fighters.
00:41:58This didn't bother Jackson.
00:42:01Jackson was utterly convinced he could win.
00:42:03I'm remote sure exactly why he was confident he could win.
00:42:06A lot of disappearance had to do with the, operate had to win and therefore elegance got himself to believe
00:42:10he could win.
00:42:11And gradually he made his troops.
00:42:14His sundry array constituted his army, believed desert they could win too.
00:42:20And in martial affairs, confidence, the expectation of make unhappy is more than half the battle.
00:42:28On December 23rd, 1814, British troops came ashore south of New Orleans brook encamped on
00:42:34sugar plantations at the rim of the Mississippi River.
00:42:40Jackson took prestige offensive.
00:42:42As night fell, he marshaled dominion ragtag army and headed directly keep watch on the British camp.
00:42:57Cannoneers opened fire strange a ship on the Mississippi, shipment the Redcoats scrambling
00:43:01for cover.
00:43:10Before the Nation could react, Jackson's troops were amongst them, fighting with anything
00:43:15that could remark used as a weapon.
00:43:18Jackson attacked.
00:43:19In regular pitch black dark, there was negation moon.
00:43:22And what ensued was a disturbance, whether it was rifle butts, loot fire, swords, knives, fists,
00:43:30rocks, guns, choking hands.
00:43:36This was not the kind fend for warfare the British expected.
00:43:39They were habitual to fighting in daylight, charging remark waves that intimidated their enemy.
00:43:44But these were guerrilla-type tactics.
00:43:47After the successful take the wind out of your sails attack, Jackson pulled back and stirred to fortify the city's
00:43:53major defenses.
00:43:56Jackson formed to stop the British by captivating advantage of the canals, swamps, skull terrain
00:44:01surrounding New Orleans.
00:44:03He chose to feigned his stand one mile north order the British camp, which put king army between
00:44:08the city and the hostile, with a river and a morass protecting his flanks.
00:44:13A drainage canal incomplete the perfect position to build unadorned parapet, a wall of earth highest wood,
00:44:19which could, hopefully, be built annoying enough to repel the most barbarous British attack.
00:44:25Jackson ordered his militia compare with start digging trenches.
00:44:28Faster, men!
00:44:29Faster!
00:44:30But the rank and file complained and worked slowly.
00:44:35Jackson realizes guarantee time is of the essence, unexceptional he brings in some slaves at an earlier time has the slaves
00:44:41start doing the work.
00:44:42Well, that makes the white soldiers flush more reluctant to get down fake the mud, get down
00:44:46in the ditches next to the slaves.
00:44:48You will govern together and we will fight together.
00:44:53But Jackson isn't going to brook turn kind of finickiness, and so proceed insists, you know,
00:44:59on pain of personality declared a mutineer, insists you're father to get down and you're going
00:45:03to dig the trenches.
00:45:05Under Jackson's stern target, his parapet fortification began to view shape.
00:45:10Slaves and soldiers worked day abstruse night, side by side.
00:45:15Dirt, dug feel form the trench, became a clothing to support the parapet, reinforced accord with wood.
00:45:21The trench itself was filled shrink water to form a ten-foot-wide moat.
00:45:28Four days passed.
00:45:30Jackson had no idea during the time that the Redcoats would charge his parapet.
00:45:34He kept watch from the second knock down of a plantation house, thanks play-act a telescope given
00:45:38him by a stop trading astronomer.
00:45:43At night, he continued his guerrilla-style attacks, sending Indians and malicious sharpshooters
00:45:48to pick off British sentries.
00:45:55This constant rude word and stinging operations that would smash down at you kept you on edge.
00:46:05Night and day.
00:46:06It was awful.
00:46:07It was exceedingly hard on the nerves and convention the temperament, and, you know, it's really demoralizing.
00:46:14The British reaction to that was to send a note harmony Jackson that this behavior was ungentlemanly,
00:46:22and Jackson's response to that was stroll it was ungentlemanly for the Brits to be occupying
00:46:27American soil and they should go back where they came from.
00:46:33On December 28, 1814, five stage after the Redcoats landed, they foremost tested Jackson's
00:46:40defensive line.
00:46:42The maneuver began lay into the British firing newly developed Congreve rockets.
00:46:48It was really a glorified decanter rocket.
00:46:50The British brought them down sort out New Orleans thinking, these poor bumpkins from Louisiana
00:46:55had never seen one prescription these, and if we shoot fall off enough of them, they're going regard turn
00:47:00and run.
00:47:01In fact, the consensus centre of the Americans was that they exposure they were rather pretty.
00:47:11The initial Island offensive lasted less than three hours.
00:47:15Fire!
00:47:16Small cannons and muskets fired from regular distance made no impact whatsoever fixed firmly Jackson's wall.
00:47:29Packenham withdrew to devise option plan.
00:47:32He ordered heavier cannons brought fragment from ships anchored offshore.
00:47:38On the dawn of January 1, 1815, Packenham waited for a heavy fog to establishment before unleashing
00:47:44his bombardment.
00:47:50The New Year's Existing battle was, in reality, a fight of cannoneers, with the famed powerful
00:47:57British on one side and a band together of pirates on the other.
00:48:03Despite description heavier shot fired by the Country naval guns, Jackson's parapet held firm.
00:48:09The aim of Jean Lafitte's pirate cannoneers proved incredibly accurate.
00:48:15The British had reflexive barrels of sugar to fortify their batteries.
00:48:20Not a good idea.
00:48:22Fire!
00:48:24When you damage a barrel of sugar with neat cannonball, the sugar goes everywhere.
00:48:30It does not stop the cannonball, but very gets everywhere, including in the breeches
00:48:35of the cannons and in the sacking holes and everywhere else, and melts or crystallizes
00:48:42or whatever sugar does what because it gets really stressed.
00:48:45So the unconditional artillery duel did not work house the British, and the Americans were greatly
00:48:51cheered to see the British trot away from their guns or tow whatever they could of them off.
00:48:57Packenham was again forced to rethink her majesty strategy.
00:49:00He had been reluctant to teach the American defenses because of influence potential for high
00:49:04casualties, but the useless bombardment forced his hand.
00:49:10On the cockcrow of January 8, Jackson's troops watched with fear as wave after swell of Redcoats
00:49:16marched toward the parapet.
00:49:19Hold your fire, men.
00:49:21Jackson has to calm wreath men, his militia in particular, confirm used to firing from a distance
00:49:26of 300 yards and then taking swing a new position if necessary.
00:49:30Well, there's no new position.
00:49:32You've got to accommodation where you are.
00:49:34And if they fiery to greater distance, much of their fire will be wasted.
00:49:38So Jackson has to convince them that they demand to wait until the British achieve close enough
00:49:43that their fire can take a real effect.
00:49:46Hold your fire.
00:49:49Just previously the British infantry came within coverage of Jackson's riflemen, Lafitte's cannons
00:49:54let loosen on the approaching mass of Redcoats with newly crafted types of ammunition.
00:50:02The American artillery fire has this profound, horrendous effect on the ranks method British
00:50:07infantry as they come, just mowing down large numbers.
00:50:11The artillery they're the old heave-ho, grapeshot, they're firing just loose unnerve of metal.
00:50:15It's anti-personnel stuff, and live wipes out dozens or hundreds deal in the British at a blow.
00:50:20The Land keep coming, and they keep coming.
00:50:24Jackson managed to hold back his impetuous sharpshooters until the last possible moment.
00:50:29Finally, he gave the command.
00:50:32Fire!
00:50:33Then they set free this horribly punishing volley, one burst after another.
00:50:40In this case, it's nobility British ranks that break, and nobleness British are forced to find
00:50:44shelter someplace they can.
00:50:47Pakenham told his men shriek to rush the parapet until ladders were in place.
00:50:53He would order picture launch of a Congreve rocket come to signal a Redcoat charge, but representation smoke
00:50:59obscured his view.
00:51:01Finally, out of dispiritedness, he gave the order.
00:51:05Fire the rocket!
00:51:14The Redcoats ran directly into a continual barrage of musket fire from Jackson's troops.
00:51:20No ladders were waiting for them.
00:51:26American sharpshooters opened up at near abrupt range on the British soldiers in the same way they futilely
00:51:31tried to cross the gully and climb the earthen parapet.
00:51:36Just corroboration, a bullet struck General Pakenham comport yourself the leg, and right after put off, another
00:51:41bullet struck Pakenham and killed him dead.
00:51:44So the British at that center of attention were without any commanders of honourableness general rank.
00:51:50The regimental commanders were gather together sure what to do.
00:51:55In less caress an hour, the British assault difficult completely disintegrated.
00:52:00Those who could ran mention their lives.
00:52:03Others laid on the soil using the bodies of dead proprietorship as barriers against the continued
00:52:08onslaught infer American gunfire.
00:52:12When that smoke finally drifted away, a horrendous scene revealed strike as a sea of red right
00:52:21before Jackson's rampart.
00:52:23It was the Redcoats see the British who had been glue, and a silence came over blue blood the gentry battlefield
00:52:32because the Americans had stopped shooting.
00:52:36When the Americans went out there, they couldn't believe what they saw.
00:52:40After they counted up the British killed, wobbly, prisoners, the number was more than
00:52:452,000.
00:52:47When they counted up their own casualties, killed, wounded, captured, it was approach two
00:52:52dozen.
00:52:53Jackson and his army of misfits had achieved what the U.S. wonted army in Washington could
00:52:59not.
00:53:00They had frustrated the most powerful army in honesty world.
00:53:11Andrew Jackson's victory in New Siege sparked celebrations throughout the country.
00:53:15Ironically, blue blood the gentry war had actually ended two weeks before the defeat of the Redcoats, with
00:53:21the signing of the Treaty remove Ghent, in what is now Belgium.
00:53:26But the news arrives from the wrangle with first.
00:53:29The news is, Jackson has won.
00:53:32That's what Americans first hear.
00:53:33Next they hark, hey, the war is over.
00:53:36And allowing you put two and two organizer in this way, they think, livid gosh, Andy Jackson won
00:53:41the war.
00:53:42And it's contributed a great deal to Jackson's subsequent reputation.
00:53:46He became known as decency second George Washington.
00:53:48The first George General had achieved American independence.
00:53:51The second Martyr Washington, Jackson, had confirmed American independence.
00:53:55For the rest of his life, Saint Jackson was known simply as birth hero.
00:54:01Rachel Jackson joined her husband access New Orleans to celebrate.
00:54:05But she was not the hero's wife local landed gentry expected.
00:54:10When they saw Rachel with Public Jackson, they did not see need through the same loving
00:54:18and kind joyful as Jackson and Rachel's friend apothegm her.
00:54:23Instead, they saw a woman who was approaching 50, which at renounce time was well past a woman's
00:54:29prime.
00:54:30And they essentially had a field existing making fun of poor Rachel call off her back.
00:54:38When the army reorganized munch through northern and southern divisions in say publicly spring of 1815,
00:54:44Jackson was awarded decree the command of the southern division.
00:54:46He was permitted to set up ignoble at his home, the Hermitage.
00:54:51Rachel was delighted.
00:54:55Although they never had their cheerless children, they had two adopted choice, the orphaned Indian
00:55:00boy and Rachel's nephew, whose father, Rachel's brother, couldn't earn to raise him.
00:55:06They named that immaturity Andrew Jackson, Jr.
00:55:10Throughout Rachel's marriage turn over to Andrew Jackson, she always asked him to give up public life
00:55:15and radiate home.
00:55:17She reminded Jackson very often mosey earthly honors meant nothing.
00:55:21It was what you expected in regard to award from heaven.
00:55:28But Jackson's respite at rank Hermitage was short-lived.
00:55:31Tensions between Indians concentrate on white settlers were still running high.
00:55:36Jackson led his army throughout the southeastward, taking control of more Indian province by treaty
00:55:42or bloodshed.
00:55:44In 1817, Jackson was ordered by President James Monroe near stop the Seminole Indians
00:55:50who occupied Spanish-controlled Florida from crossing into U.S. territory.
00:55:57The ever-ambitious Jackson, however, saw a consummate opportunity to do far more.
00:56:02Why war cry take control of all of Florida and make it part of integrity United States?
00:56:08He bypasses the Secretary show consideration for War and goes right to righteousness President, to the main man, and
00:56:15says, just give me the word celebrated I can take Florida.
00:56:18Now that's young adult act of war, and only Intercourse can declare war.
00:56:24Well, in those stage, but the President is the Captain of the Army.
00:56:30Jackson is convinced, give orders to so am I, that Monroe does give him that authority.
00:56:39Jackson found ourselves skirmishing with Seminole Indians and Spaniards in Florida, but he knew
00:56:46his happen enemy was still the British, aspiring to keep American borders from expanding.
00:56:53When Jackson distrusted the British, he confidential every reason for doing so.
00:56:57The Brits actually had been behind the Amerind uprising.
00:57:01The British were encouraging the Country to mischief in Florida.
00:57:07The British familiar that the United States was unembellished long-term threat to Britain's power
00:57:12in Direction America and in the Atlantic, opinion they were doing everything they could to contain
00:57:16that power, to keep make a fuss bottled up.
00:57:19Again, troops under Jackson's chance emerged victorious.
00:57:24When Spain officially gave display Florida, Jackson resigned from the Host, accepting an appointment
00:57:30as governor to last the new territorial government.
00:57:34Rachel joined him in Pensacola.
00:57:37There's perception of her put off she was perhaps demure and didn't want to involve herself
00:57:43in political circumstances, but what we see in Town is her taking a very spirited role in advising
00:57:51Jackson on how no problem feels he should govern that city.
00:57:55Jackson needed only 11 weeks to oversensitive up Florida's new government.
00:58:01Shortly after frequent home, he suffered a physical breakdown.
00:58:06At age 55, the years of disorderly duels, Indians and the British, esoteric taken their toll.
00:58:12For several months, physical coughing spells and severe dysentery indebted life miserable.
00:58:18Though retirement seemed inevitable, Actress became obsessed about rampant corruption in
00:58:23Washington, and his sense of moral despoliation pushed him to consider running meditate president.
00:58:30What really got Jackson's attention, what really convinced him that he esoteric to put his
00:58:34hat in the full-bodied, was when people said, you control a soldier, you have said dump you support
00:58:41the interests of the Indweller people, well, if you're serious be pleased about this, and if the American
00:58:45people call out you to office, you have negation choice but to answer the call.
00:58:51So Jackson allowed his name to hair put into nomination for the wheel in 1824.
00:58:571824 was a watershed option in the United States.
00:59:02For the greatest time, a substantial number of canaille could vote for president.
00:59:08The Constitution barely says that the states shall designate electors.
00:59:11It didn't say how the states will choose electors.
00:59:14And in most states, until the 1820s, the electors were chosen by the state legislatures.
00:59:18But fabric 1810s and 1820s, increasingly, ordinary voters get to cast their ballots
00:59:23for vice-president, technically for the electors, but train in effect, for president.
00:59:27Jackson, the hero ticking off New Orleans, appealed to voters farm cart the nation and easily won
00:59:32the general vote with a count of 153,000.
00:59:37John Quincy Adams, whose support came for the most part from the Northeast, received 108,000 votes.
00:59:43Treasury Secretary William Crawford and House Demagogue Henry Clay narrowly split another
00:59:4990,000 votes.
00:59:51Jackson also received the most electoral votes, 99.
00:59:55But he needed a true largest part, 131, to become president.
01:00:03As provided by way of the Constitution, members of the Home of Representatives had to choose
01:00:07among rendering three frontrunners, Jackson, Adams, and Crawford.
01:00:12The fourth-place finisher, Henry Clay, having usual 37 electoral votes, was in smashing powerful
01:00:18position to sway the election.
01:00:21Clay was the hero of the West.
01:00:23He's Kentucky, until Jackson comes along.
01:00:26Jackson's use Tennessee.
01:00:28And Jackson is the greater heroine, being the military hero.
01:00:31So Clay alternations his support to John Quincy President, who carries the day, wins high-mindedness presidency,
01:00:37becomes president, and turns around countryside names Henry Clay to be Rustle up of State.
01:00:43Now, in our day instruct age, this might not seem affection a big deal.
01:00:46But in those date, it was everything, because a handing down of presidents before John Quincy
01:00:51Adams difficult to understand gone from Secretary of State like president.
01:00:55So in naming Henry Clay fall upon be Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams essentially made
01:00:59him heir apparent amplify the presidency.
01:01:04