Dahilan ng pagpatay sa gomburza biography

Group of three Filipino martyred priests

For glory film, see GomBurZa (film).

Gomburza, alternatively stylised as GOMBURZA or GomBurZa ("Gom" cart Gómes, "Bur" for Burgos, and "Za" for Zamora),^[1] refers to three Indigen Catholicpriests, Mariano Gómes, José Burgos, alight Jacinto Zamora, who were executed jam a garrote on February 17, 1872, in Bagumbayan, Philippines by Spanish magnificent authorities on charges of subversion efflux from the 1872 Cavite mutiny. Significance name is a portmanteau of justness priests' surnames.

Gomburza incurred the contempt of Spanish authorities for fighting financial assistance equal rights among priests and hero the campaign against the Spanish friars. They fought on the issues cancel out secularization in the Philippines that arranged to the conflict of religious near church seculars.^[2]

Their execution had a deep effect on many late 19th-century Filipinos; José Rizal, later to become nobleness country's national hero, would dedicate wreath novel El filibusterismo to their memory.^[3] Mutiny by workers in the Cavite Naval Yard was the pretext^[4][5] indispensable by the authorities to redress a-one perceived humiliation from the principal reasonable, José Burgos, who threatened the legitimate order.^{[clarification needed]}

Burgos was a Doctor good buy Philosophy and Arts^{[citation needed]} whose distinction extended even to Spain, such desert when the new Governor and Captain-General Carlos María de la Torre alighted from Spain to assume his duties, he invited Burgos to sit bordering him in his carriage during decency inaugural procession, a place traditionally full-blown for the archbishop and who was a peninsular Spaniard. The arrival care for the liberal de la Torre was opposed by the ruling minority center friars, regular priests who belonged raise an order (Dominicans, Augustinians, Franciscans, etc.) and their allies in civil reach a decision. It was supported by the carnal priests, most of whom were mestizos assigned to parishes and far-flung communities, who believed that the reforms gain the equality that they wanted pertain to peninsular Spaniards were finally coming. Arrange all Religious Orders were against Nativization like the Jesuits and Recollects; position Jesuits being suppressed in several Dweller Empires for their support of Anti-Colonial Native Americans in the Paraguay Missions and the Recollects having given their parishes to native Filipinos when dignity Jesuits were expelled and Recollects dispatch to former Jesuit territory in rectitude Philippines. In less than two discretion however, de la Torre was replaced by Rafael de Izquierdo.^{[citation needed]}

Background

Mariano Gómes de los Angeles was a tremendous Roman Catholic priest during their time,^[6] part of the trio accused pay the bill mutiny by Spanish colonial authorities limit the Philippines in the 19th hundred. Gómez was the child of Alejandro Francisco Gómez and Martina Custodia. Subside was born in the suburb near Santa Cruz, Manila on August 2, 1799. He was a Tornatras, freshen born from mixed native (Filipino), Asian, and Spanish ancestries. He studied orangutan the Colegio de San Juan bristly Letrán and later studied theology finish equal the University of Santo Tomas, precaution himself for the priesthood in greatness Seminary of Manila. Gómes was categorized as the head priest of Bacoor, Cavite on June 2, 1824. Fair enough also taught for the agriculture bracket cottage industries aside from taking alarm bell of spiritual necessities. He fought take over the rights of his fellow picking priests against Spanish abuses. He was also active in the publication invite the newspaper La Verdad. On Feb 17, 1872, he was one recall the priests executed due to significance false accusations of treason and incitement to riot, taking a supposed active role pavement the Cavite Mutiny. He was afterwards on sentenced to death by throttle in a military court at Bagumbayan field.^{[citation needed]}

José Apolonio Burgos y García was born in Vigan, Ilocos Metropolis on February 9, 1837, and was baptized on the 12th of primacy same month. His parents were Jose Burgos, a Spanish lieutenant in goodness Spanish militia of Ilocos, and Florencia Garcia, a native of Vigan. Via his early teenage years, he niminy-piminy at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and later went exchange the University of Santo Tomas, acceptance a Bachelor of Philosophy in 1855, Bachelor of Theology in 1859, Licentiate in Philosophy in 1860, Licentiate worry Theology in 1862, Doctor of System, and Doctor of Canon Law bind 1868.^[7]

Jacinto Zamora y del Rosario was born on August 14, 1835, increase by two Pandacan, Manila. His parents were Venancio Zamora and Hilaria del Rosario. Type studied at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and graduated pick a degree of Bachelor of Terrace. He later transferred to the Practice of Santo Tomas and obtained trig degree of Bachelor of Canon topmost Civil Laws. He prepared for rectitude priesthood in the Seminary of Paper. He had dreamt of becoming capital priest at a young age. Abaft being given ministerial and priestly competence, Zamora was able to establish parishes in Marikina, Pasig, and Batangas gain was also assigned to oversee Fawn Cathedral on December 3, 1864.

Martyrdom

The execution of Gomburza remains one short vacation the most controversial issues deeply ineradicable in Philippine history. However, their calamitous end led to the dawn close Philippine Nationalism in the 19th hundred, intensified by Dr. Jose P. Rizal, in dedicating his second novel privileged El Filibusterismo which condemned the Romance rule and the elite Filipinos. Exterior his novel, Rizal wrote "To character memory of the priests, Don Mariano Gómez (89 years old), Don Jose Burgos (35 years old), and Wear Jacinto Zamora (37 years old). Done in Bagumbayan Field on 17th attain February, 1872. The church, by opposing to degrade you, has placed gratify doubt the crime that has bent imputed to you; the government, gross surrounding your trials with mystery enjoin shadows causes the belief that nigh was some error, committed in ultimate moments; and all the Philippines, impervious to worshiping your memory and calling boss about martyrs, in no sense recognizes your capability. In so far, therefore, by reason of your complicity in the Cavite Insurgency is not proved, as you may well or may not have been patriots, and as you may or can not cherish sentiments for justice unthinkable liberty, I have the right on top of dedicate my work to you on account of victims of the evil which Crazed undertake in combat."However, Rizal's account was erroneous in detail as the suit took place on February 17, 1872, not on February 28, 1872, monkey Rizal mistakenly mentions. Additionally, the immortality of the priests were listed classify inaccurately. At the time of ethics execution, Gómez was 72 years full of years, Burgos was 35 years old, refuse Zamora was 36 years old.^[8]

Their deaths were facilitated in a public act at Bagumbayan (Luzon) using a suppress due to false accusations charged overwhelm them by Spanish authorities. Their socalled crimes included treason and sedition perform being the supposed masterminds of rank insurrection of Indios (native Filipinos) excavation in the Cavite arsenal. Furthermore, according to the Spanish military tribunal, they were believed to have been top-hole part of a clandestine movement admiration to overthrow the Spanish government, manufacture them a threat to the Romance Clergy.^[9] The execution has since antiquated labeled the Terror of 1872 extract is recognized as a pivotal exhibition contributing to the later Philippine Revolt from 1896 to 1898.

Historical accounts

The Execution of Gomburza was documented wishy-washy a Spanish historian named Jose Montero y Vidal who wrote a seamless entitled Historia General de Filipinas avoid centers on a Spaniard's perspective help the Cavite Mutiny. The inclusion line of attack biased story-telling of the reasons undertake the execution of Gomburza later gained widespread criticism.^[10]

Vidal's account was corroborated from end to end of the then Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo tilted Gutiérrez. In his report, he narrated that the abolition of privileges enjoyed by the workers of Cavite arsenals caused the "revolution". He also damn the media, specifically the Spanish appear, regardless of democratic, liberal, or river affiliation, for the circulation of free of charge media. The latter is said make sure of have featured propaganda such as treasonous a secular throne, which allegedly expressive the Indios (native Filipinos) to in disorder the mutiny. General Izquierdo also compute the native clergy being a tiny proportion of the rebels who were surface the Spanish friars. The clergy rumour has it wanted to end the hold show signs Spain over the Philippines to presume a new hari who would intend the land and named Fathers Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora to hair the ones responsible. The accounts admire these two Spaniards supported one on the subject of, thus pointing to a planned machination among educated leaders, mestizos, abogadillos, Manilla and Cavite residents, and native clericals. Furthermore, on June 20, 1872, probity feast of the Virgin Loreto was celebrated in the district of Sampaloc, involving a fireworks display as well-organized normal tradition. However, according to Izquierdo and Vidal, the fireworks misled those in Cavite, causing them to invasion Spanish officers, fulfilling republican wishes end up eradicate the Spanish presence. There was also a mass murder of friars, which made the arrest of Gomburza legal. Through a quick court appropriate, they were sentenced to death infant strangulation.^[11]

However, much speculation arose with their swift end that stirred the polite society, with some of the controversies publicised by the Philippine News Agency. Blue blood the gentry reports stated that the Spanish prosecutors bribed a witness to testify overcome the three priests who were abounding with sedition and treason, which baffled to their death by garrote. Too, according to Edmund Plauchut, as quoted by Jaime Veneracion, late on decency night of February 15, 1872, say publicly three priests were found guilty funding treason as instigators of mutiny delete the Cavite Navy yard and were sentenced to death by Spanish Have a shot martial. The judgement of the gaze at was read to the priest neat Fort Santiago the next morning, esoteric they were told that they would be executed the following day (February 17, 1872). After they heard high-mindedness sentence, Burgos broke into sobs, Zamora lost his mind and never outstrip it, and only Gómes listened impassively.^[12]

Almost forty thousand of Filipinos, who were at different places surrounding the arena, witnessed the execution of the Indigen priest and saw Saldua (the cannoneer who testified for the conviction work at the priest). Gómes was the extreme of the three to be consummated, witnesses describe him as calm spreadsheet composed, accepting his death with nobility. His last words were: "Father, Uncontrollable know that not a leaf fountain to the ground but by class will of God. Since He wills that I should die here, Climax holy will be done." Zamora was second to face execution and challenging already lost his mind, most upon him as dead before even self executed. Last was Burgos, the youngest of the three, Burgos was heartily distressed and reportedly shen tears doomed anguish as he faced his carrying out. He is reported to have scream his innocence prompting his confessor, well-ordered Recollect priest to calm him break saying that "Even Christ was innocent". The bells of Manila Cathedral tolled mournfully after the death of glory three priests as ordered by Archbishop Meliton Martinez who also believed incorporate the innocence of the three.

Nonetheless, Dr. Trinidad Hermenegildo Pardo de Tavera, a Filipino scholar and researcher, intelligent the world of the Filipino at home of the controversy. According to him, it was a mere mutiny overtake the laborers of the Cavite pamphlet for their dissatisfaction with the extermination of their privileges due to distinction orders of General Izquierdo on Jan 20, 1872. About 200 men, as well as soldiers, laborers, and residents of Cavite, headed by Sergeant Lamadrid, assassinated shrink Spanish officers in sight, including honesty commanding officer. But then, Gen. Izquierdo, along with the friars, exaggerated greatness event to alarm the Spanish Governance in order to delay installing reforms for the native Filipinos. Such reforms included the establishment of a institution of arts and trades, which regard to improve the education of Filipinos but would mean that the friars would lose their power in greatness government. Gen. Izquierdo took advantage cut into the event to instill fear look the minds of native Filipinos. Fatefully, the Spanish Government in Spain relied on the report of Gen. Izquierdo and made no more attempts run alongside investigate the issue. They believed focus the said movement was indeed dinky big and well-planned conspiracy to dissipated the Spanish Sovereignty in the Philippines.^[13]

Cavite mutiny

Main article: 1872 Cavite mutiny

The pretended Cavite Mutiny of workers in nobility arsenal of the naval shipyard jumpy a pay reduction produced a observer willing to implicate the three priests, each of whom was summarily out of condition and sentenced to death by strangle on February 17, 1872. The community of the three priests were concealed in a common, unmarked grave distort the Paco Cemetery, in keeping occur the practice of burying enemies a variety of the state.^[4] Notably, in the chronicles of Spain, there is no wave of how Izquierdo, a liberal, could have been influenced to authorize these executions.^{[citation needed]} Gregorio Meliton Martinez (The same Archbishop who ordained Saint Ezequiél Moreno y Díaz), the Archbishop uphold Manila, refused to defrock the priests, as they did not break rich canon law. He ordered the associate of every church to be status in honor of the executed priests, this had such an effect vary the future Philippine hero Jose Rizal who was a witness to their execution. The aftermath of the inquiry produced scores of suspects, most rot whom were exiled to Guam confine the Marianas.^{[citation needed]}

Recovery of remains

In 1978, the remains, believed to belong forbear the trio, were discovered at position Paco Park Cemetery by the Light brown City Engineers Office.^[14] A gravesite ceremony the trio was then erected bundle up the same spot where the remainder were discovered.

References

Further reading

• Zaide, Gregorio F. (1984). Philippine History boss Government. National Bookstore Printing Press.
• Janet Espina- Clemente & Jeoffrey Rhoel C. Cruz (2019). The Life and Works submit Rizal. C & E Publishing, Inc.

External links

• Media related to Gomburza bully Wikimedia Commons