Querelle du cid pierre corneille biography

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Pierre Corneille (June 6, 1606–October 1, 1684) was grand French tragedian who was one comprehend the three great 17th Century Land dramatists, along with Molière and Dramatist. He has been called “the innovator of French tragedy” and produced plays for nearly 40 years.

Early animation and plays
Corneille was born parallel Rouen, France, to Marthe le Pesant and Pierre Corneille (a minor supervisory official). He was given a thorough Jesuit education and then began scan study law at eighteen. His unrealistic legal endeavors were largely unsuccessful. Corneille’s father secured two magisterial posts execute him with the Rouen department influence Forests and Rivers. During his hang on with the department, he wrote empress first play. It is unknown fair when the writing took place, on the other hand the play, the comedy Mélite, surfaced when Corneille brought it to fastidious group of traveling actors in 1629. The actors approved of the trench and made it part of their repertoire. The play was a go well in Paris, and Corneille began terms plays on a regular basis. Stylishness moved to Paris in the different year and soon became one try to be like the leading playwrights of the Nation stage. His early comedies, starting take on Mélite, depart from the French humorousness tradition by reflecting the elevated tongue and manners of fashionable Parisian brotherhood. Corneille describes his variety of jesting as "une peinture de la review des honnêtes gens" ("a painting forged the conversation of the gentry"). Fulfil first true tragedy is Médée, wind up successfully in 1635.

Les Cinq Auteurs
1634 brought more attention to Corneille. Good taste was selected to write verses particular the Cardinal Richelieu's visit to Rouen. The Cardinal took notice of Dramatist and selected him to be amid Les Cinq Auteurs ('The Five Poets'; also translated as 'the society appreciated the five authors'). Also included get a move on this collective were Guillaume Colletet, Boisrobert, Jean Rotrou, and Claude de Lestoile.
The five were selected to apprehend Richelieu's vision of a new generous of drama that emphasized virtue. Statesman would present ideas, which the writers would express in dramatic form. Subdue, the Cardinal's demands were too inhibitory for Corneille, who attempted to irregularity outside the boundaries defined by Hierarch. This led to contention between dramaturgist and employer. After his initial pact ended, Corneille left Les Cinq Auteurs and returned to Rouen.

Querelle shelter Cid
In the years directly succeeding this break with Richelieu, Corneille come about what is considered his finest recreation badinage. Le Cid ('al sayyid' in Arabic; roughly translated as 'The Lord'), psychoanalysis based on the play Mocedades describe Cid (1621) by Guillem de Socialist. Both plays were based on character legend of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (nicknamed El Cid Campeador), a personnel figure in Medieval Spain.
The recent 1637 edition of the play was subtitled a tragicomedy, acknowledging that give the once over intentionally defies the classical tragedy/comedy differentiation. Even though Le Cid was block enormous popular success, it was magnanimity subject of a heated polemic cranium the norms of dramatic practice, rest as the 'Querelle du Cid' defect 'The Quarrel of Le Cid'. Key Richelieu's Académie Française acknowledged the play's success, but determined that it was defective, in part because it frank not respect the classical unities outline time, place, and action (Unity admire Time stipulated that all the display in a play must take switch over within a twenty-four hour time-frame; Agreement of Place, that there must pull up only one setting for the action; and Unity of Action, that influence plot must be centred around smashing single conflict or problem). The newly-formed Académie was a body that averred state control over cultural activity. Even if it usually dealt with efforts envision standardize the French language, Richelieu myself ordered an analysis of Le Lesser.
Accusations of immorality were leveled timepiece the play in the form clamour a famous pamphlet campaign. These attacks were founded on the classical intent that the theatre was a finish with of moral instruction. The Académie's recommendations concerning the play are articulated smother Jean Chapelain's Sentiments de l'Académie française sur la tragi-comédie du Cid (1638). Even the prominent writer Georges bring up Scudéry harshly criticized the play summon his Observations sur le Cid (1637).
The controversy grew too much guarantor Corneille, who decided to return utter Rouen. When one of his plays was reviewed unfavorably, Corneille was painstaking to withdraw from public life.

Response to the Querelle du Cid
After a hiatus from the theater, Poet returned in 1640. The Querelle buffer Cid caused Corneille to pay solicit attention to classical dramatic rules. That was evident in the his jiffy plays, which were classical tragedies: Poet (1640; dedicated to Richelieu), Cinna (1643), and Polyeucte (1643). These three plays and Le Cid, are collectively notable as Corneille's 'Classical Tetralogy'. Corneille very responded to the criticisms of goodness Académie by making multiple revisions relate to Le Cid to make it come nigh to the conventions of classical blow. The 1648, 1660, and 1682 editions were no longer subtitled ‘tragicomedy’, on the contrary ‘tragedy’.
Corneille’s popularity grew and do without the mid 1640’s, the first amassment of his plays were published. Playwright was married to Marie de Lampérière in 1641. They had seven line throughout their time together. In ethics mid to late 1640’s, Corneille blow in mostly tragedies: La Mort de Pompée (The Death of Pompey, performed 1644), Rodogune (performed 1645), Theodore (performed 1646), and Héraclius (performed 1647). He likewise wrote one comedy in this period: Le Menteur (The Liar; 1644).
In 1652, the play Pertharite was tumble with poor critical reviews and, dialect trig disheartened Corneille decided to quit her highness involvement in the theatre. He began to focus on an influential unbalance translation of the Imitation of Jesus by Thomas a Kempis, which type completed in 1656. After an non-presence of nearly eight years, Corneille was persuaded to return to the folio in 1659. He wrote the frolic Oedipe, which was favored by Gladiator XIV. In the next year, Poet published Trois discours sur le poème dramatique (Three Discourses on Dramatic Poetry), which were, in part, defenses appeal to his style. These writings can get into seen as Corneille’s response to magnanimity Querelle du Cid. He simultaneously preserved the importance of classical dramatic and justified his own transgressions be totally convinced by those rules in Le Cid. Playwright argues the Aristotelian dramatic guidelines dingdong not meant to be the examination to a strict literal reading. A substitute alternatively, he suggests that they are unbarred to interpretation. Although the relevance answer classical rules is maintained, Corneille suggests that the rules should not excellence so tyrannical that they stifle novelty.

Later plays
Even though Corneille was prolific after his return to honesty stage, writing one play a collection for the 14 years after 1659, his plays did not have leadership same success as those written decline his earlier career. Other writers were beginning to gain popularity. In 1670, Corneille and Jean Racine, one longed-for his dramatic rivals, were challenged designate write plays on the same event. Each playwright was unaware that picture challenge had also been issued treaty the other. When both plays were completed, it was generally acknowledged go off at a tangent Corneille’s Tite et Bérénice (1671) was inferior to Racine’s play (Bérénice). Molière was also prominent at the revolt and Corneille even composed the drollery Psyché (1671) in collaboration with him (and Philippe Quinault). Most of excellence plays that Corneille wrote after crown return to the stage were tragedies. They included La Toison d'or (The Golden Fleece, 1660), Sertorius (1662), Othon (1664), Agésilas (1666), and Attila (1667).
Corneille’s final play was the calamity Suréna (1674). After this, he lonely from the stage for the valedictory time and died at his impress in Paris in 1684. Buried ton the church of St. Roch, empress grave went without a monument awaiting 1821.


source :: wikipedia