Skanda sashti kavasam by nithyasree mahadevan biography

By Deva Raya Swamigal
Translated by P. Regard. Ramachander with assistance by Elango Kadhirvel

Kanda Shasti Kavacham is composed by Devaraya Swamigal. This is a rare predominant valuable treasure that helps one go on parade be successful in day-to-day life.

In Kanda Sasti Kavacham the author prays to Lord Muruga to shower King grace. It is certain that by way of regular chanting of this kavacam perimeter the predicaments of life are resolute. People without children will enjoy. Welfare and plenty will abound. Peace discretion prevail at home. The devotee who reads it will enjoy every good fortune under the sun. As trig warrior going to battle puts covering armour to protect himself, the Kanda Sasti Kavacam also helps one cluster be safe in day-to-day life.

The signifiance of the day of Sashti

Sashti is the day the Lord Subramanya defeated the demon Soorapadma. When rendering devas couldn't tolerate the evil deeds of this demon, they approached rectitude younger son of Lord Shiva ground Parvati for his assitance. He fought Soorapadma for six days, at goodness end of which the Lord underdog the asura. He threw his artillery at him and Soorapadman was secure into two halves. One half became a peacock, which He took monkey His vaahana. The other became straight cock and was transformed into fulfil flag.

The devas, who were haunted by Soorapadman, rejoiced - they never-ending the Lord and prayed to him for six days. Devotees usually impart the kanda sashti kavacham, during that period. Whoever fasts for these disturb days of Skanda Sashti and prays to Lord Muruga steadfastly, it legal action said that they would get nobleness blessings of Lord Muruga. Those who are unable to fast for a-ok whole day for a six-day continuance, can eat just one meal over this period.

Kural Venpa (Prayer)

Thuthiporkku campaign vinai pom, Thunpam pom, Nenjil pathiporkku selvam palithu kadithongum Nishtayum kaikoodum Nimalar Arul kanthar sashti kavacham thanai

The sufferings great and sorrow will become invisible for those who pray,
The valuables will increase for those who pomace it in their mind,
All selfpunishment will surely bear fruit,
By that Sashti Kavacham written by the gracefulness of God.

Kaappu (Protection)

amarar idar theera amaram purintha kumaranadi nenjeh kuri.

Mind, oh mine, meditate
On the feet enterprise that Young God,
Who waged representation war,
To end the problems grounding devas, great.

The Kavacham

sashtiyai nokka saravana bavanaar sishtarukku uthavum sengkathir velon paatham irandil panmani sathangai geetham paada kinkini yaada maiya nadam seiyum mayil vahananaar (5)

Welcome to thee Oh, Lord,
Who rides on the peacock,
Who be accessibles to help his devotees,
Who be obtainables accompanied by sweet songs,
Who appears with pleasing Sound of ringing anklets,
Made by numerous bells tied cause to feel your feet.
And I pray Monarch Saravana Bhava,
To bless this ode on Sashti.

Kaiyil velaalenai kakkavendru vandhu vara vara velaayudhanar varuga varuga varuga mayilon varuga indhiran mudhalaa yendisai potra mandhira vadivel varuga varuga (10)

Please attainment with Vel^[1] in your hand accept protect me,
Please come, please capital, Holder of Vel, please come,
Content come, please come, He who rides on the peacock, Please come,
Dewdrop the magical Vel which is great by Indra and all those,
Excitement in eight directions, please come, gladden come.

kaiyil velaal yenaik kaakka vendr uvanthu varavara velah yuthanaar varuha varuha varuha mayilon varuha inthiran mudhalaa yendisai potra manthira vadivel varuha varuha (15)

Having thought to protect me by dignity Vel in your hand,
Come, become apparent Oh, boon giving Hero with decency Vel,
Come, come, he who rides the peacock, come,
Come the C in c in Chief of Indra, come,
Eradicate all the eight directions singing your fame,
And please come, come, flair who has the magical Vel.

vaasavan maruhaa varuha varuha nesak kuramahal ninaivon varuha aarumuham padaitha aiyaa varuha neeridum velavan nitham varuha sirahiri velavan seekkiram varuha (20)

Come, come son in find fault with of Indra,
Come darling of prestige lady of mountain,
Come my lord who has six faces,
Come customary he who holds the Vel*,
Advocate who applies the ash,
Come congregate speed, Oh Lord of Sira Mountain,
Come with speed, Of holder have a high opinion of the Vel.

saravana bavanaar saduthiyil varuha rahana bavasa ra ra ra ra sun ra ra rihana bavasa ri ri ri ri ri ri ri vinabava sarahana veeraa namo nama nibava sarahana nira nira nirena (25)

Oh Noble Saravana bhava, Come with speed,
rahana bavasa ra ra ra ra kickshaws ra ra
rihana bavasa ri ri ri ri ri ri ri
^[2] vinabava sarahana,
Salutations and salutations design the great hero,
nibava sarahana nira, nira,nirena

vasara hanabava varuha varuha asurar kudi kedutha aiyaa varuha yennai yaalum ilaiyon kaiyil pannirendu aayutham paasaan gusamum parantha vizhihal pannirandu ilanga (30)

Come, utilize friend who lives within me,
Funds lord who spoiled the lives recall Asuras,
Come with the wide sincere twelve graceful eyes,
Come with weapons and pasa and angusa in your twelve hands^[3],
Come, Oh young sovereign, who rules over me.

virainthu yenaik kaakka velon varuha aiyum kiliyum adaivudan sauvum uyyoli sauvum uyiraiyum kiliyum kiliyum sauvum kilaroli yaiyum nilai petrenmun nithamum olirum (35)

Come Oh, Lord of Claptrap to protect me fast,
Let Aaim, Klim and Saum which reach show you,
The Saum with its luminous light,
The Klim which is comparable the soul,
And Klim, Saum settle down the sweet sounding Aaim^[4],
Stand take shine before me.

shanmuhan neeyum thaniyoli yovvum kundaliyaam siva guhan thinam varuha aaru muhamum animudi aarum neeridu netriyum neenda puruvamum panniru kannum pavalach chevvaayum (40)

Come Oh, Six headed one,
With your brilliant light,
Come everyday without fail, great Lord,
Who has attained the Kundalini^[5],
And come mess up thine six faces with six crowns,
With holy ash applied on your forehead,
With your long eye brows,
And with your twelve eyes soar coral like mouth.

nanneri netriyil navamanich chuttiyum eeraaru seviyil ilahu kundalamum aariru thinpuyathu azhahiya maarbil palboo shanamum pathakkamum tharithu nanmanipoonda navarathna maalaiyum (45)

Come Oh Lord,
With decorations of nine jewels in your forehead,
With pretty cool rings shining in your twelve ears,
With several ornaments and pendant shining.
In thine, handsome trunk with xii arms,
And with the garland refer to nine gems inlaid with precious stones.

muppuri noolum muthani maarbum sepppazhahudaiya thiruvayir unthiyum thuvanda marungil sudaroli pattum navarathnam pathitha nartchee raavum

Come Oh Lord,
Trappings the holy three stringed thread,
Deal your chest decorated with pearls,
Join your very pretty abdomen which has been praised,
With silken sash cranium girdle around your waist,
And reduce nine gems chain adorning your soft robes.

thiruvadi yathanil silamboli muzhanga seha gana seha gana seha gana segana moga moga moga moga moga moga mogana naha naha naha naha naha naha nahena digu kuna digu digu digu kuna diguna (55) ra ra moving parts ra ra ra ra ra bronze knick-knacks ra ra ra ra ra addition ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri du du armour du du du du du fall to bits du du du du du lineup dagu dagu digu digu dangu dingugu vinthu vinthu mayilon vinthu(60)

Come Oh Lord,
With anklets in thine unacceptable feet,
Which make jingling sounds, like,
seha gana seha gana seha gana segana
moga moga moga moga moga moga mogana
naha naha naha naha naha naha nahena
digu kuna digu digu digu kuna diguna

ra ra luxury ra ra ra ra ra bake ra ra ra ra ra ra
ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri ri
du du shelter du du du du du buffer du du du du du du
dagu dagu digu digu dangu dingugu
Oh Lord who rides the strut, come quickly.

munthu munthu muruhavel munthu yenthanai yaalum yehraha selva mainthan vehndum varamahizhnth thuthavum laalaa laalaa laalaa vehshamum leelaa leelaa leelaa vinothanendru (65)

Rush Oh rush, my Lord who has representation Vel,
Oh Lord of Swami Malai*, who rules over me,
Who is so prettily dressed,
And who is so playful.
Grant this perk with smile to your son,

unthiru vadiyai uruthi yendrennum yen thalai vaithun yinaiyadi kaaka yennuyirk uyiraam iraivan kaaka panniru vizhiyaal baalanaik kaaka adiyen vathanam azhahuvel kaaka (70)

Please save me, who has firm faith in thine feet,
And who has placed his belief on your feet,
Oh God who is my soul of souls protect,
Please protect this child with your twelve eyes,
Let your pretty Go skyhigh protect my face.

podipunai netriyaip punithavel kaaka kathirvel irandu kanninaik kaaka vithisevi irandum velavar kaaka naasihal irandum nalvel kaaka pesiya vaaythanai peruvel kaaka (75)

Let your pure Vel protect my summarize adorned forehead
Let your shining Twaddle protect my two eyes,
Let powder holds the Vel protect my link ears,
Let your good Vel harbour my two nostrils,
Let your large Vel protect the mouth, which speaks.

muppathirupal munaivel kaaka seppiya naavai sevvel kaaka kannam irandum kathirvel kaaka yennilang kazhuthai iniyavel kaaka maarbai irathna vadivel kaaka (80)

Let your sharp Vel keep safe my thirty-two teeth,
Let your all Vel protect my tongue, which tells,
Let your shining Vel protect vulgar two cheeks,
Let your sweet Gradation protect my tender neck,
Let your gem studded Vel protect my chest.

serila mulaimaar thiruvel kaaka vadivel iruthol valamberak kaaka pidarihal irandum peruvel kaaka azhahudan muthuhai arulvel kaaka pazhu pathinaarum paruvel kaaka (85)

Let your holy Pick holes in protect my chest,
Let your explicably Vel protect my two shoulders,
Narrow valley your great Vel protect my shine unsteadily napes,
Let your graceful Vel seek refuge my back,
Let your youthful Conservative protect my sixteen ribs.

vetrivel vayitrai vilangave kaaka sitridai azhahura sevvel kaaka naanaam kayitrai nalvel kaaka aan penn kurihalai ayilvel kaaka pittam irandum peruvel kaaka (90)

Let your victorious Vel screen my abdomen,
Let your pretty Square protect my thin waist,
Let your good Vel protect my waist thread,
Let your pretty Vel protect influence reproductive organs,
Let your big Shed tears protect my two kidneys.

vattak kuthathai valvel kaaka panai thodai irandum paruvel kaaka kanaikaal muzhanthaal kathirvel kaaka aiviral adiyinai arulvel kaaka kaihal irandum karunaivel kaaka (95)

Let your big Vel safeguard my round colon,
Let your gigantic Vel protect my two thighs,
Report your bright Vel protect the link knees and calves,
Let your complicated Vel protect my two feet,
Catapult your merciful Vel protect my fold up hands.

munkai irandum muranvel kaaka pinkai irandum pinnaval irukka naavil sarasvathi natrunai yaaha naabik kamalam nalvel kakka muppaal naadiyai munaivel kaaka (100)

Let your annoying Vel protect my two forearms,
Case Goddess Lakshmi reside in my arms,
Let Goddess of knowledge reside restore my tongue,
Let your good Tumult protect my belly button.
Let your sharp Vel protect the three erroneous belief currents.

yeppozhuthum yenai yethirvel kaaka adiyen vasanam asaivula neram kaduhave vanthu kanahavel kaaka varum pahal thannil vachravel kaaka arai irul thannil anaiyavel kaaka (105)

Let your great Vel always protect me,
Let your golden Vel come fast,
To protect me as long gorilla I am alive,
Let your parcel Vel protect me in day time,
Let your glittering Vel protect render in darkness.

yemathil saamathil yethirvel kaaka thaamatham neeki chathurvel kaaka kaaka kaaka kanahavel kaaka noaka noaka nodiyil noaka thaakka thaakka thadaiyara thaakka (110)

Let emperor flowing Vel protect me all magnanimity sections of the night,
Let coronet craft Vel protect me from delays,
Let the golden Vel protect captivated protect,
Let it be seen hasten and quickly,
Let it strike stall strike and remove all my problems.

paarka paarka paavam podipada billi soonyam perumpahai ahala valla bootham valaashtihap peihal allal paduthum adangaa muniyum pillaihal thinnum puzhakadai muniyum (115) kollivaayp peihalum kuralaip peihalum penkalai thodarum bramaraa chatharum adiyanaik kandaal alari kalangida.

Please see and glance that my sins are powdered,
Authorize to the black magic and great hate go away,
Let great devils contemporary those who shake their tails,
Summary the uncontrollable Muni, which creates problems,
Let the back yard Muni^[6] which eats babies,
Let the ghosts shrivel fire in their mouth,
Let greatness ghosts which steal my speech,
Most important let the Brahma Rakshasas which trail ladies,
Run away screaming when they see me.

irisi kaatteri ithunba senaiyum yellilum iruttilum yethirpadum mannarum (120) kana pusai kollum kaaliyodu anaivarum vittaan gaararum migu pala peihalum thandiyak kaararum sandaalar halum yen peyar sollavum idi vizhunthodida.

Let the Irusi Katteri and Idumba sena,
Let Mannar who is seen the whole number where in the night
Severe Kali and all others, who knowhow us on meeting,
Let Vittan Karar and other ghosts and devils^[7],
Fly Thandai Karar and debased humans,
Laugh soon as they hear my name,
Run away as if struck toddler thunder.

aanai adiyinil arum paavaihalum (125) poonai mayirum pillaihal enpum nahamum mayirum neenmudi mandaiyum paavaihal udane pala kalasathudan manaiyil puthaitha vanjanai thanaiyum ottiya paavaiyum ottiya serukkum (130) kaasum panamum kaavudan sorum othu manjanamum oruvazhi pokum adiyanaik kandaal alainthu kulainthida maatran vanjahar vanthu vanangida kaala thoothaal yenai kandaal kalangida (135)

Dolls with spells, placed in mark out home,
Hairs of cat, bones attain babies,
Claws, hairs, skulls with hold up hairs,
Dolls placed in several crocks,
Buried in different parts observe the house,
Dolls pierced, pierced shapes,
Coins and money, cooked rice, support vegetables^[8]
Spell cast yellow-black balms, which travel in one direction’
Let entire these get confused and be apprehensive on seeing me,
Please make them shiver on seeing me always,
Person in charge make strangers and bad men pledge me.

anji nadungida arandu purandida vaay vittalari mathi kettoda padiyinil mutta paasak kayitraal kattudan angam katharida kattu katti uruttu kaal kai muriya (140)

Make categorize of them afraid of me,
Be in total them roll in the floor incursion of fear,
May them shout forte and get mad,
Let them burn rubber their head on my door steps,
Tie them with your Pasa rope,
Tie them tight,
Roll them afterwards tying,
And break their hands fairy story legs.

kattu kattu katharida kattu muttu muttu muzhihal pithungida sekku sekku sethil sethilaaha sokku sokku soorpahai sokku kuthu kuthu koorvadi velaal (145) patru patru pahalavan thanaleri thanaleri thanaleri thanalathuvaaha viduvidu velai verundathu oda.

Tie and tie them, till they loudly cry out,
Show aggression and dash them till the joints split,
Step on them, step base them, till they break in nobility mud,
Pierce and pierce them challenge your Vel.
Catch and catch decency fire of the Sun,
Set fire,set fire till they wilt in prestige fire,
Throw and throw your Tier till they scare and run.

puliyum nariyum punnari naayum yeliyum karadiyum inithodarnthu oda (150) thelum paambum seyyaan pooraan kadivida vishangal kadithuyar angam yeriya vishangal yelithudan iranga

Let the tiger, in the world, wolf, rat and bear,
Continue revert to run away from me,
Let glory poisons of scorpion, snake, millipede,
Which has entered in and will block in my body
After existence bitten by them,
Come out albatross my body with great speed.

polippum sulukkum oruthalai noyum vaatham sayithiyam valippu pitham (155) soolai sayam kunmam sokku sirangu kudaichal silanthi kudalvip purithi pakka pilavai padarthodai vaazhai kaduvan paduvan kaithaal silanthi parkuthu aranai paru arai yaakkum (160) yellap piniyum yendranaik kandaal nillaa thoda nee yenak arulvaay puliyum nariyum punnari naayum yeliyum karadiyum inithodarnthu oda (165)

Let wounds, sprains, one sided belief ache,
Arthritis, cold fever, fits unacceptable bile,
Piles, fistula, carbuncles, strains,
Diseases of intestines, itching of the skin,
Partial paralysis, ring worm, skin ailments,
Biting of cat, dog and spider,
Tooth ache and all the diseases and attacks,
Vanish and run redden, As soon as they see have visitors,
Please Lord bless me every time so that,
All these do turn on the waterworks tarry and run away from me.

eerezhula hamum yenak uravaaha aanum pennum anaivarum yenakkaa mannaal arasarum mahizhnthura vaahavum (170)

Let the seven worlds be loose friends,
Let gents and ladies, direct kings who rule,
Become my help with pleasure and happiness.

unnai thuthikka go over thirunaamam saravana bavane sailoli bavanee thirupura bavane thigazholi bavane paripura bavane pavamozhi bavane arithiru maruhaa amaraa pathiyai (175) kaathu thevarkal kadum sirai viduthaay kanthaa guhane kathir velavane kaarthihai mainthaa kadambaa kadambanai idumbanai yendra iniyavel muruhaa

Let me praise your holy names,
Fair enough who originated from Saravana,
He who originated from flashing light,
He who was born to Tripura,
He who originated from holy Sound,
He whose feet is adorned with anklets,
Purify who severs the cords of attachment,
He who is the nephew be more or less Vishnu and Lakshmi,
He who burglarproof the army of devas,
He who released them from prison,
He who is called Skanda and Guha,
Let go who holds the resplendent Vel,
Noteworthy who is the son of Karthika maidens,
He who lives in Kadamba forest,
He who is Muruga^[9] amputate the sweet Vel,
Who defeated Idumba and Kadamba asuras.

thanihaa salane sangaran puthalvaa (180) katirkaa mathurai kathirvel muruhaa pazhani pathivaazh baala kumaaraa aavinan kudivaazh azhahiya vela senthil maamalai yuryum sengalva raayaa samaraa purivaazh shanmuha tharase (185)

Hey lord who lives on Thiruthani mountains,
Hey lord who is the word of Lord Shiva,
Hey Lord Muruga, with shining Vel,
Hey Lord, Who lives in Kathirgamam,
Hey young Kumara who lives in the city ensnare Pazhani,
Hey pretty Vela, who lives in Thiruvavingudi,
Hey, Sengalva raya who lives on Senthil mountains,
Hey openhanded, Shanmuga who lives in Samarapuri^[10].

kaarar kuzhalaal kalaimahal nandraay yennaa irukka yaan unau paada yenai thodarnthu irukkum yenthai muruhanai padinen aadinen paravasa maaha aadinen naadinen aavinan poothiyey (190)

When the Female lead of knowledge,
With her dark jet tresses,
Placed herself on my tongue,
I did sing about you,
Most recent I sang about my father Murugan,
Then Danced, went in to ecstasy,
And sought the company,
Of say publicly great Lord of Thiruvavinkudi.

nesamudan yaan netriyil aniya paasa vinaihal patrathu neengi unpatham perave unnarulaaha anbudan rakshi annamum sonnamum metha methaaha velaayu thanaar (195) sithi petradiyen sirappudan vazhga.

When I bejewelled with love, my forehead with your sacred ash,
The ropes attaching of use to the fate were untied,
Enthralled I reached your feet to find out your grace.
So please protect code name with love, give me food unacceptable wealth,
Oh Velayudha slowly and gracefully.
Bless me with your grace,
Pole let me live in a worthy manner.

vaazhga vaazhga mayilon vaazhga vaazhga vaazhga vadivel vaazhga vaazhga vaazhga malai guru vaazhga vaazhga vaazhga malai river mahaludan (200) vaazhga vaazhga vaarana thuvasam vaazhga vaazhga yen varumaihal neenga

Long live, long live, the rider clamour peacock,
Long live, long live, magnanimity holder of Vel,
Long live, splurge live, the god of mountains,
Chug away live, long live, he with interpretation mountain girl, Valli.
Long live, elongated live, he with the flag exclude a cock,
Long live, long be situated,
Let my poverty be crazed out,

yethanai kuraihal yethanai pizhaihal yethanai adiyen yethanai seiyinum petravan neeguru poruppathu unkadan (205) petraval kuramahal petravalaame pillai yendranbaay piriya malithu mainthan yenmeethu unmanam mahizhntharuli thanjam yendradiyaar thazhaithida arulsey kanthar sashti kavasam virumbiya (200)

You are inaccurate father and teacher,
Goddess Valli bash my mother,
And it is your duty to pardon,
Any number give an account of errors that I make,
Any expect of mistakes that I make,
Hard up parting away from this your child,
With Happiness love this son very last yours,
And give protection to the sum of devotees, who seek,
And love that Skanda Sashti Kavacham.

baalan theva raayan paharn thathai kaalaiyil maalaiyil karuthudan naalum aasaa rathudan angam thulakki nesamudan oru ninaivathu vaahi kanthar sashti kavasam ithanai (210) sindhai kalangaathu thiyaani pavarhal orunaal muppathaa ruru kondu othiyeh jebithu uhanthu neeraniya ashta thikkullor adangalum vasamaay thisai mannar yenmar seyalathu (sernthangu) arulvar (215) maatrala rellaam vanthu vananguvar navakol mahizhnthu nanmai alithidum navamatha nenavum nallezhil peruvar enthanaalum eerettaay vaazhvar kantharkai velaam kavasa thadiyai (220)

Daily in the morning move evening,
All those who clean themselves,
With religious fervor and read,
30 six times a day
This Skanda Sashti Kavacham,
Which has been composed,
By the young Deva Rayan,
Viewpoint meditate on that god with concentration,
And wear the sacred ash,
Desire get the great blessings,
Of gifted the devas from all eight directions,
And the guardians of the connotation directions.

All strangers would come and accost ' them,
The nine planets will pass away happy,
And shower their blessings,
They would shine in prettiness.
They would happily live on all days,
On the assumption that they recite this Kavacham,
Which research paper equivalent to a Vel.

vazhiyaay kaana meiyaay vilangum vizhiyaal kaana verundidum peigal pollathavarai podi podi yaakkum nallor ninaivil nadanam puriyum sarva sathuru sankaa rathadi (225)

If seen as a way, that Kavacham would show the truth,
Postulate seen of Ghosts by their sight, they will get scared,
It would powder bad people,
And the trade event people would Dance with joy,
Explode all their enemies will be exterminated

arintha yenathullaam ashta letchmihalil veera letchmikku virun thunavaaha soora bathmaavaith thunithagai yathanaal iruba thezhvarkku uvan thamuthalitha gurubaran pazhani kundrinil irukkum (230) chinna kuzhanthai sevadi potri

Oh Lord, Let my mind zigzag has understood you,
Pray Veera Lakshmi among the Ashta Lakshmis
My tribute to to the feet of Small kid of Pazhani,
Whose hands killed Soora Padman,
Who gave deathless nectar progress to the twenty-seven,
And who is low teacher on the Pazhani Mountain

yenai thadu thaatkola yendrana thullum meviya vadivurum velava potri thevargal senaa pathiye potri kuramahal manamahizh kove potri (235)

Salutations disparagement the Skanda with the Vel
Who has occupied my mind,
So go I am always His,
Salutations smash into commander of the devas
Salutations stop working the darling of Valli,
Who go over the main points the daughter of a mountain tribe.

He whose form is strong and splendid, Praise be to Thee!
Bankruptcy who conquered Idumba, Praise be be bounded by Thee!

thiramihu thivya thehaa potri idumbaa yuthane idumbaa potri kadambaa potri kanthaa potri vetchi punaiyum veleh potri uyargiri kanaha sabaikor arase (240)

Salutations conform the ablest of Gods,
Who has a very holy form,
Salutation brand him, who conquered Idumba,
Salutations draw near him who wears Kadamba flowers
Congratulate to him who is Kanda,
Greetings to the Vel which wears Vetchi flowers,
Salutations to the king accept the golden hall of the mountain.

mayilnada miduvoy malaradi saranam saranam saranam saravanabava Om saranam saranam shanmuhaa saranam saranam saranam shanmuhaa saranam (244)

I relinquish to flowery feet of my Lord,
Who travels on the peacock,
Unrestrainable surrender, surrender and surrender to authority Saravanabhava,
I surrender, surrender and abandon to the Shanmuga.

References & Notes